[Servercert-wg] Compromised/Weak Keys Ballot Proposal

Thu Mar 28 10:03:56 UTC 2024

Hi

My main concern has been that CAs are required to include additional controls, including generating possible weak Debian keys for supported key sizes or limit the supported key sizes due to a (more or less) theoretical threat of Debian keys from an OS that presumably should not be in use since many years ago.

I understand that Debian weak keys are still an issue, that’s why I suggested to keep the existing wording regarding Debian weak keys in BR (section 6.1.1.3) as is, e.g. ‘…the CA SHALL reject Debian weak keys (see https://wiki.debian.org/SSLkeys)...’ or similar. This has been the wording since the first version of BR in 2011, and I hope this still suffice. If this is not the case, it would be great to get some more information about what problem we try to solve by adding more specific controls for Debian keys now (more than 15 years after the vulnerability was identified).

Regards
Mads

From: Servercert-wg <servercert-wg-bounces at cabforum.org> On Behalf Of Roman Fischer via Servercert-wg
Sent: Monday, March 25, 2024 9:06 AM
To: CA/B Forum Server Certificate WG Public Discussion List <servercert-wg at cabforum.org>
Subject: Re: [Servercert-wg] Compromised/Weak Keys Ballot Proposal

I would propose a pragmatic approach: Limit the Debian weak keys to be considered/rejected by CAs to an upper bound (e.g. 4096 or 8192 bits) assuming that any weak key above that has been intentionally manufactured by a security researcher.

-Roman

From: Servercert-wg <servercert-wg-bounces at cabforum.org<mailto:servercert-wg-bounces at cabforum.org>> On Behalf Of Wayne Thayer via Servercert-wg
Sent: Freitag, 15. März 2024 19:20
To: CA/B Forum Server Certificate WG Public Discussion List <servercert-wg at cabforum.org<mailto:servercert-wg at cabforum.org>>
Subject: Re: [Servercert-wg] Compromised/Weak Keys Ballot Proposal

On yesterday's SCWG teleconference, Mads suggested that a way forward would be to leave the existing requirements in place for Debian weak keys. I've interpreted that to mean that we would just remove references to Debian, resulting in this: https://github.com/wthayer/servercert/pull/1/files

I'm not satisfied by this approach because it doesn't achieve the clarity intended to result from the original weak keys ballot and will seemingly result in CAs continuing to have varying interpretations of the specific requirements for rejecting Debian weak keys, but perhaps this is the best we can all agree to.

What  do others think? Should we proceed with this approach?

Thanks,

Wayne

On Sat, Mar 9, 2024 at 9:15 AM Dimitris Zacharopoulos (HARICA) via Servercert-wg <servercert-wg at cabforum.org<mailto:servercert-wg at cabforum.org>> wrote:
FWIW, I think in the recent years, it was mostly security researchers that attempted to request certificates with Debian weak keys to test if a CA was properly blocking them.

If an Applicant uses an outdated OS that generates weak keys, imagine the actual web server or other software that runs on that server, putting Relying Parties at risk. CAs don't have control over that but they could have control over a common set of weak keys using common parameters/algorithms which could be enforced by all CAs.

Dimitris.
On 9/3/2024 12:05 π.μ., Wayne Thayer via Servercert-wg wrote:
Hi Clint,

Thank you for your response. Unfortunately, it leads me to the conclusion that there is not a path forward and we're stuck with the status quo. Having said that, I'll reply to a few of your points below and encourage others to do the same if there is a desire to move forward with an update to our weak keys requirements.

On Thu, Mar 7, 2024 at 12:59 AM Clint Wilson <clintw at apple.com<mailto:clintw at apple.com>> wrote:
Hi Wayne,

Thank you for carrying this work item forward. I have a few concerns regarding the proposed removal of Debian weak key checking, outlined below.

I don’t believe there has been sufficient explanation or data presented to justify the removal of the requirement to check for Debian weak keys. It seems to me there are feasible methods for CAs to continue performing this check. Similar to what Martijn has pointed out, the reasoning provided is lacking (hasty generalization, fallacy of composition, etc.).

The argument that I find compelling is that any system capable of generating a Debian weak key in 2024 is also riddled with a decade of vulnerabilities, so preventing the use of said weak key in a certificate is security theater. In what scenario do you envision the rejection of a Debian weak key having a meaningful impact on the security of a service that relies on it? It's just not obvious to me that these checks continue to provide any practical value at this point in time.

I don’t believe a compromise where Debian weak keys only need be checked for specific key sizes addresses the core issue, unless tied together with a restriction from accepting key sizes which are not included in such a list (which I do see as reasonable and something I’m under the impression is already being done by some CAs).

My understanding is that the objections some CAs had to the original ballot was the requirement to maintain a sizable database of Debian weak keys for every key size they support. Limiting the requirement to the most popular key sizes would resolve that issue and be more inline with my understanding of some current practices. This approach would also greatly reduce the threat of the accidental use of a Debian weak key.

The removal of this check seems to shift a burden currently placed on CAs to a risk (long assumed resolved) for Relying Parties and Subscribers. From my reading of the ballot, the requirement that a CA revoke Certificates with Debian weak keys remains in effect, serving only to remove the pre-issuance “blocking” requirement, but retaining an expectation that certificates are checked post-issuance based on the CA’s awareness of this method of compromising a Private Key; this generally seems a significantly worse experience for Subscribers. Have I missed something regarding the intent of the changes in this regard?

This is a great point. It makes no sense to allow a CA to issue a cert that is then immediately subject to a revocation requirement. I am open to either exempting Debian weak keys from BR 4.9.1.1(4) or for CAs to be required to revoke a certificate containing a Debian weak key only if they are "made aware" using the mechanism specified in 4.9.3.

Thanks,

Wayne

There have been incidents involving certificates issued to Debian weak keys in recent years; some CAs have indicated that they don’t receive Debian weak keys in requests, but evidence exists to the contrary for the ecosystem as a whole.

Thank you!
-Clint

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