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<p class="MsoNormal">Microsoft votes NO on Ballot 221 given the procedural issues discussed regarding lack of a redline, which would make this challenging to enforce as a valid ballot. We also have concerns related to implications of the wording on the password
requirements. Specifically:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">How would auditors verify and prove that a CA did not change a password more frequently than two years? This is trying to prove a negative.<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">What about when a CA employee leaves who knows the password which requires it to be change in less than two years?<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">What about if the password is compromised and needs to be changed in less than two years?<o:p></o:p></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I did talk with Tim on the phone yesterday and apologized for not chiming in earlier with these concerns. My initial read of the proposed ballot didn’t raise these concerns and as I shared the ballot language more broadly within Microsoft
and with auditors these discussion items came up.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I do appreciate Tim’s and the Network Security WG’s efforts on behalf of the CABF and again apologize for chiming in during voting rather than the discussion period. I’m happy to work on improved language with the ballot drafters.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks, Mike<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Tim Hollebeek <tim.hollebeek@digicert.com> <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, May 23, 2018 5:34 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Mike Reilly (GRC) <Mike.Reilly@microsoft.com>; CA/Browser Forum Public Discussion List <public@cabforum.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Voting Begins: Ballot 221: Two-Factor Authentication and Password Improvements<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Mike, it’s a SHOULD, so we have two years to fix it. I agree the wording is awkward, it was hard to write. I found words like minimum and maximum to be very confusing as they would get misread as the other. There was discussion about
this exact language, including at the face to face. Your description agrees with the intent, and is what I explained at the face to face in Virginia. Use great passwords, and DON’T overly frequently rotate them. So you guys are correctly understanding the
requirement.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">On the policies for zones, this is consistent with the guidance in NIST SP800-63 that if all other things are equal, longer passwords are stronger. So in zones with higher security requirements, we have higher length requirements.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Voting NO would prevent removal of the language that requires frequent password changes. Which means that bad practice continues for a bit longer.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The discussion period for this ballot was quite long. I would encourage people to not wait until the final draft and/or voting to analyze draft ballots. I would prefer not to tweak this ballot and revote it, but I’ll do that if needed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I would have been willing to provide a redline to assist in voting if the request had come in earlier, like not a day or two before voting ends.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There was an earlier incident this year where I had to correct the redline; I’m currently erring on not including a redline if I’m not 100% (-epsilon) sure that it agrees with the ballot text.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some of you that have been around for a while remember that redlines used to be uncommon. The fact that they’re common right now is a side effect of the fact that I write most of the ballots.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hope some or all of this helps.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">-Tim<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Mike Reilly (GRC) [<a href="mailto:Mike.Reilly@microsoft.com">mailto:Mike.Reilly@microsoft.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, May 22, 2018 10:06 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Tim Hollebeek <<a href="mailto:tim.hollebeek@digicert.com">tim.hollebeek@digicert.com</a>>; CA/Browser Forum Public Discussion List <<a href="mailto:public@cabforum.org">public@cabforum.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Voting Begins: Ballot 221: Two-Factor Authentication and Password Improvements<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’m having internal conversations with concerns regarding section iv which states:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>“ iv. If passwords are required to be changed periodically, that period SHOULD be at least two years. Effective April 1, 2020, if passwords are required to be changed periodically, that period SHALL be at least two years."<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Sorry I didn’t catch this during the discussion period but the language should be adjusted. A period of at
<u>least</u> two years means you wait a <u>minimum</u> of two years. Can we use words like maximum?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The reference to NIST SP 800-63 makes us think we want to emphasize stronger passwords while minimizing the frequency with which those secrets are changed. That is what the NIST guidance calls for. The language “if passwords are required
to be changed…” also makes us think this. Basically, password changes are optional, but if you require them to be changed, two years is the
<u>minimum</u> amount of time to wait before changing them.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Also, why have separate policies for different security zones? A 12-character password of seahawks2018 shouldn’t be considered better than an 8 digit randomly generated one.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I agree with Wayne that a redlined version should be provided for a vote as it’s difficult to clearly see the changes. I’m inclined to vote No at this point and apologize for not looking harder at this in the discussion period.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks, Mike<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Public <<a href="mailto:public-bounces@cabforum.org">public-bounces@cabforum.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Tim Hollebeek via Public<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 17, 2018 2:48 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> CA/Browser Forum Public Discussion List <<a href="mailto:public@cabforum.org">public@cabforum.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [cabfpub] Voting Begins: Ballot 221: Two-Factor Authentication and Password Improvements<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Ballot 221: Two-Factor Authentication and Password Improvements<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Purpose of Ballot: The Network Security Working Group met a number of times to
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">improve the Network Security Guidelines requirements around authentication,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">specifically by requiring two-factor authentication, and improving the password
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">requirements in line with more recent NIST guidelines.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While CAs are encouraged to improve their password requirements as soon as
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">possible, a two year grace period is being given to allow organizations to
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">develop and implement policies to implement the improved requirements, especially<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">since some organizations may have to simultaneously comply with other<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">compliance frameworks that have not been updated yet and are based on older NIST
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">guidance about passwords.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The following motion has been proposed by Tim Hollebeek of DigiCert and endorsed
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">by Dimitris Zacharopoulos of Harica and Neil Dunbar of TrustCor.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">— MOTION BEGINS –<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This ballot modifies the “Network and Certificate System Security Requirements”
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">as follows, based upon Version 1.1:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the definitions, add a definition for Multi-Factor Authentication:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">"Multi-Factor Authentication: An authentication mechanism consisting of two or
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">more of the following independent categories of credentials (i.e. factors) to
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">verify the user’s identity for a login or other transaction: something you know
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(knowledge factor), something you have (possession factor), and something you
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">are (inherence factor). Each factor must be independent. Certificate-based
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">authentication can be used as part of Multifactor Authentication only if the
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">private key is stored in a Secure Key Storage Device."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Capitalize all instances of the defined term "Multi-Factor Authentication".<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Add a definition for Secure Key Storage Device:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">"Secure Key Storage Device: A device certified as meeting at least FIPS 140-2<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">level 2 overall, level 3 physical, or Common Criteria (EAL 4+)."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In section 1.j., capitalize Multi-Factor Authentication, and strike the
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">parenthetical reference to subsection 2.n.(ii).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In section 2.f., add "(for accountability purposes, group accounts or shared<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">role credentials SHALL NOT be used)" after "authenticate to Certificate Systems".<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Change section 2.g. to read:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">"g. If an authentication control used by a Trusted Role is a username and password,
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> then, where technically feasible, implement the following controls:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> i. For accounts that are accessible only within Secure Zones or High Security
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> Zones, require that passwords have at least twelve (12) characters;
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> ii. For authentications which cross a zone boundary into a Secure Zone or High
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> Security Zone, require Multi-Factor Authentication. For accounts accessible
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> from outside a Secure Zone or High Security Zone require passwords that have
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> at least eight (8) characters and are not be one of the user's previous
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> four (4) passwords; and implement account lockout for failed access attempts
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> in accordance with subsection k;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> iii. When developing password policies, CAs SHOULD take into account the password
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> guidance in NIST 800-63B Appendix A.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> iv. If passwords are required to be changed periodically, that period SHOULD be
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> at least two years. Effective April 1, 2020, if passwords are required to
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> be changed periodically, that period SHALL be at least two years."<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In section 2.h., change "Require" to "Have a policy that requires"<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In section 2.i., change "Configure" to "Have a procedure to configure"<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Change section 2.k. to read:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">"k. Lockout account access to Certificate Systems after no more than five (5) failed
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> access attempts, provided that this security measure:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> i. is supported by the Certificate System,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> ii. Cannot be leveraged for a denial of service attack, and<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> iii. does not weaken the security of this authentication control;"<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Change section 2.n. to read:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">"Enforce Multi-Factor Authentication for all Trusted Role accounts on Certificate<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Systems (including those approving the issuance of a Certificate, which equally<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">applies to Delegated Third Parties) that are accessible from outside a Secure Zone<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">or High Security Zone; and"<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">— MOTION ENDS –<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The procedure for approval of this ballot is as follows:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Discussion (7+ days)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Start Time: 2018-03-28 15:00:00 EDT<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">End Time: 2018-05-17 17:45:00 EDT<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Vote for approval (7 days)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Start Time: 2018-05-17 17:45:00 EDT<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">End Time: 2018-05-24 17:45:00 EDT<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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