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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#000000" vlink="#000000"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Voting has not started on this ballot yet. Voting starts after 2200 on 1 July. Please resubmit your vote after that time. This vote will not be counted.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Dean Coclin<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>CA/B Forum Chair<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> public-bounces@cabforum.org [mailto:public-bounces@cabforum.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>zhangyq<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, June 28, 2016 4:15 AM<br><b>To:</b> Ben Wilson <ben.wilson@digicert.com><br><b>Cc:</b> public <public@cabforum.org><br><b>Subject:</b> [cabfpub] </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>回复：</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> Ballot 164 - Certificate Serial Number Entropy<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:black'>GDCA votes YES to ballot 164.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#333333'> </span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#333333'>原始</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;color:#333333'>邮件</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#333333'> <s> </s><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;color:#999999'>发件人</span></b><b><span lang=ES-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#999999'>:</span></b><span lang=ES-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'> Ben Wilson<</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'><a href="mailto:ben.wilson@digicert.com"><span lang=ES-US style='color:windowtext'>ben.wilson@digicert.com</span></a></span><span lang=ES-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'>><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#999999'>收件人</span></b><b><span lang=ES-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#999999'>:</span></b><span lang=ES-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'> CABFPub<</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'><a href="mailto:public@cabforum.org"><span lang=ES-US style='color:windowtext'>public@cabforum.org</span></a></span><span lang=ES-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'>><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;color:#999999'>发送时间</span></b><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#999999'>:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'> 2016</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666'>年</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'>6</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666'>月</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'>24</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666'>日</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'>(</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#666666'>周五</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'>) 23:17<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#999999'>主</span></b><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif;color:#999999'>题</span></b><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#999999'>:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#666666'> [cabfpub] Ballot 164 - Certificate Serial Number Entropy<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande",serif;color:#333333'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='color:#333333'>Ballot 164 - Certificate Serial Number Entropy</span></b><span style='color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>This ballot has been proposed by Jacob Hoffman-Andrews of Let's Encrypt and endorsed by Ben Wilson of DigiCert and Tim Hollebeek of Trustwave:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='color:#333333'>Statement of intent:</span></b><span style='color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>As demonstrated in <a href="https://events.ccc.de/congress/2008/Fahrplan/attachments/1251_md5-collisions-1.0.pdf"><u><span style='color:blue'>https://events.ccc.de/congress/2008/Fahrplan/attachments/1251_md5-collisions-1.0.pdf</span></u></a>, hash collisions can allow an attacker to forge a signature on the certificate of their choosing. The birthday paradox means that, in the absence of random bits, the security level of a hash function is half what it should be. Adding random bits to issued certificates mitigates collision attacks and means that an attacker must be capable of a much harder preimage attack. For a long time the Baseline Requirements have encouraged adding random bits to the serial number of a certificate, and it is now common practice. This ballot makes that best practice required, which will make the Web PKI much more robust against all future weaknesses in hash functions. Additionally, it replaces "entropy" with "CSPRNG" to make the requirement clearer and easier to audit, and clarifies that the serial number must be positive.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='color:#333333'>-- Motion Begins --</span></b><span style='color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>In Section 1.6.1 of the Baseline Requirements,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>ADD<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>CSPRNG: A random number generator intended for use in cryptographic system.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>In Section 7.1 of the Baseline Requirements,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>REPLACE<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>"CAs SHOULD generate non-sequential Certificate serial numbers that exhibit at least 20 bits of entropy."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>WITH<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>"Effective September 30, 2016, CAs SHALL generate Certificate serial numbers greater than zero (0) containing at least 64 bits of output from a CSPRNG."<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span style='color:#333333'>-- Motion Ends --</span></b><span style='color:#333333'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>The review period for this ballot shall commence immediately, and will close at 2200 UTC on 1 July 2016. Unless the motion is withdrawn during the review period, the voting period will start immediately thereafter and will close at 2200 UTC on 8 July 2016. Votes must be cast by posting an on-list reply to this thread.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>A vote in favor of the motion must indicate a clear 'yes' in the response. A vote against must indicate a clear 'no' in the response. A vote to abstain must indicate a clear 'abstain' in the response. Unclear responses will not be counted. The latest vote received from any representative of a voting member before the close of the voting period will be counted. Voting members are listed here: <a href="https://cabforum.org/members/" title="https://cabforum.org/members/"><u><span style='color:blue'>https://cabforum.org/members/</span></u></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='color:#333333'>In order for the motion to be adopted, two thirds or more of the votes cast by members in the CA category and greater than 50% of the votes cast by members in the browser category must be in favor. Quorum is currently ten (10) members– at least ten members must participate in the ballot, either by voting in favor, voting against, or abstaining.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>